Dab tsi yog theoretical density?
Qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob ceev faj sawv cev rau qhov ntau tshaj plaws ua tiav ntawm cov khoom piv txwv tias muaj kev pom zoo hauv qab tsis muaj voids, pores, lossis tsis meej. Nws tau suav los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv crystallographic uas siv cov qauv ρ}}} Kuv yog atoms ib chav ntawm tes, v yog matal cell ntim, thiab na yog avogadro tus lej.
Cov ntsiab lus no sib txawv fundamentally los ntawm kev ntsuas lossis qhov tseeb tiag tiag, uas cov nyiaj tsis txaus ntseeg uas txo qis cov khoom siv ntom hauv qab no nws lub siab tshaj plaws.
Nkag siab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb
The theoretical density tsim tsa lub voj voog sab sauv rau cov teeb meem nruj me ntsis tuaj yeem ntim ntawm qib atomic. Thaum cov kws tshawb fawb tsim tshwj xeeb ceramics, cov hlau, lossis cov sib xyaw, theoretical qhov tsis zoo ua rau lawv qhov zoo tshaj plaws lawv sim ua kom tiav los ntawm kev ua haujlwm txhim kho.
Cov kev muab cov lus qhia txog kev siv cov ntaub ntawv siv crystallographic tau los ntawm x - ray} ray diffraction. Los ntawm kev ntsuas lattice tsis thiab txheeb xyuas cov qauv siv lead ua, cov kws tshawb nrhiav txiav txim siab tias muaj pes tsawg tus atoms nyob hauv ib lub xov tooj ntawm tes. Cov txiaj ntsig no, ua ke nrog cov dej hnyav atomic los ntawm lub rooj ntu, tawm los theoretical qhov siab tshaj plaws.
Cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag yeej tsis ncav cuag tus nqi theoretical no. Kev tsim kho cov kev tsim kho ua kom muaj kev tsis xws luag - agnations uas cov dav hlau uas tsis muaj zog ntawm cov phiaj xwm tsis zoo, thiab cov pa roj av lossis lwm yam roj. Txawm tias qhov siab tshaj plaws {{{3} Cov ntaub ntawv zoo ib txwm ua tiav 95-99% ntawm theoretical density, nrog cov kis sawv cev rau kev tsis txaus ntseeg.
Cov Khoom Siv Fabrication Txheej Txheem Qhia cuam tshuam ncaj ncees cov khoom tau li cas thiaj li tau cov khoom ze tau mus rau theoretical ntom.Pa hmoov metallurgy mus txog 80-90% ntawm theoretical qhov tseem ceeb, thaum ua kom zoo nkauj xws li kev sib txuas hlau (tuaj yeem ua tiav rau kev ua tib zoo tswj hwm kev ua tib zoo tswj hwm sintering. Kub iSostatic nias thawb txawm ze dua, qee zaum ncav cuag 99.5% lossis siab dua los ntawm kev thov ua kom sov thiab siab los ua kom sov porosity.
Xam cov txheej txheem thiab cov qauv
Cov qauv qauv rau theoretical qhov tsis zoo ua haujlwm los ntawm chav tsev tsis txheeb. Rau cov ntaub ntawv crystalline, theoretical ceev ρth sib npaug ntawm pawg ntawm txhua tus atoms hauv chav tsev faib los ntawm cov xovtooj ntawm lub xovtooj.
Ua txhaum qhov no: Muab cov lej ntawm cov mis (z) ntawm cov khoom siv molecular (vcell) thiab av) tus lej (6.022 × 1022 × 10² × 10² 10. Cov qauv ρ=(z × m) thiab (vcell {4} exagonal, thorhombic, thiab lwm yam.
Noj ob npib oxel ua piv txwv. Lub pob zeb ntsev tsim muaj plaub tus mis uas nyob rau ib chav tsev me me hauv cell. Nickel lub atomic pawg yog 58.71 amu, oxygen's yog 16.00 amu, muab ib tus qauv loj ntawm 74.71 amu. With a lattice parameter of 4.176 Å, the cell volume is (4.176 × 10⁻⁸ cm)³=7.28 × 10⁻²³ cm³. Plugging rau hauv cov lus: ρth= (4 × 7,28 × 10 {{19} g / cm³.
Rau cov ntaub ntawv sib xyaw, theoretical density ua raws txoj cai ntawm kev sib xyaw. Cov kev suav nrog hnyav txhua feem ntom ntawm nws cov feem ntau ntawm nws cov ntim ntawm:} σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ σ Txoj kev ua no ua haujlwm rau fiber -}}} siv cov polymers, hlau matrix sib xyaw, thiab ceramic sib xyaw.
Alloys xav tau kev txiav txim siab tshwj xeeb.Thaum cov ntawv ua tiav cov kev daws teeb meem, suav cov theoretical ceev los ntawm summing cov kev koom tes loj thiab cov ntim uas muaj feem cais. Rau cov binary alloy nrog feem pua phaus W1 thiab W2, theoretical density ua:}} (w2 / ρ1) + (w2 / ρ2)].
Niaj hnub nimno cov cuab yeej sib xyaw ua ke piv txwv cov kev suav. Software cov pob khoom nyiam crystalmaker thiab vesta tuaj yeem muab cov ntaub ntawv siv crystall cov ntaub ntawv thiab yuav ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv tsis sib xws los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv. Density ua haujlwm kev tshawb xyuas kev ua raws li cov ntaub ntawv hypothetical ua ntej lawv synthesized.
Kev Txheeb Ze Nrog Porior Ntsuas Ntsuas
Porosity quaef chaw nyob rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv, thiab theoretical Density muab cov hauv paus rau cov kev suav no. Cov mis uas nquag muaj porasing li: p=[1 - (ρtheoretical / × 100%.
Txoj kev sib raug zoo no ua rau theoretical qhov tsis tshua muaj qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm zoo. Hauv sintered ceramics, cov chaw tsim khoom hom phiaj tshwj xeeb kom ntseeg tau cov neeg kho tshuab ua raws li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb. Ib feem ceramic nrog 92% ntawm theoretical qhov ceev muaj 8% porosity- cov ntaub ntawv tseem ceeb rau kev twv xyuas lub zog, thermal conductivity, thiab permeability.
Cov archimedes cov txheej txheem ntsuas qhov tseeb tiag tiag los ntawm kev kuaj cov qauv qhuav, muaj kuab, thiab raus hauv dej. Muab piv rau cov txiaj ntsig ntsuas ntsuas tiv thaiv theoretical ntom qhia tag nrho porosity. Rau qhov qauv nrog theoretical tuab ntawm 5.60 g / cm thiab ntsuas ntom ntawm 5.32 g / {}}})]=5.0%.
Qhib Qhib Versus kaw Porosity Maticters rau kev siv sib txawv. Helium Pycnometry Ntes tsuas cuam tshuam cov roj uas tau nkag mus, thaum muaj kev cuam tshuam txog cov xeeb ceem sib luag. Ob txoj hauv kev siv txoj haujlwm tseem ceeb rau kev suav cov nplai me me.
Hauv cov hmoov metallurgy, txheeb ze ntom - Qhov piv ntawm ntsuas rau theoretical density- kev ua haujlwm ua tus thawj cov txheej txheem metric. Qhov chaw sintered mus rau 95% txheeb ze ceev ceev ua yeeb yam txawv ntawm cov ntawm ntawm 85%. Muaj zog dua cov qauv siv ntau dua los txhim kho lub zog tensile, nkees tsis txaus, thiab muaj zog tsis tshua muaj peev xwm ua rau muaj peev xwm ua kom zoo nkauj hauv qee cov ntaub ntawv.
Theoretical ceev nyob rau hauvMim Raug
Kev txhaj tshuaj hlau kev sib raug zoo nyob ntawm theoretical qhov tsis tshua muaj hom phiaj muaj ntau yam ua ntu zus. The process starts with fine metal powders-typically under 20 microns-mixed with polymer binders to create feedstock. Tom qab txhaj tshuaj molding cov ntawv ntsuab, Debinding tshem tawm binders thiab sintering feser hlau hais.
Thaum sintering, qhov chaw shrink li 15 -}}}}}} 20% hauv txhua qhov kev sib tw thiab cov ntxaij sib tsoo. Cov txheej txheem mim cov txheej txheem ua tiav 96-98.5% ntawm theoretical density, nce wrought hlau yam ntxwv. Qhov kev siab siab no piav txog vim li cas MIM Cheebtsam muaj peev xwm phim lossis tshaj qhov ntsuas kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev lig kev cai.
Ntau yam cuam tshuam txog qhov kawg ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom. Hmoov kom yuam kev cuam tshuam rau kev siv tshuaj ntxiv - freater powders nrog multimodal loj faib khoom ntim ntau dua. Sintering kub thiab siv lub sijhawm yuav tsum yog qhov zoo rau txhua tus alloy, raws li tsis muaj kev sib cav sib ceg thaum muaj ntau sintering ua rau cog kev loj hlob uas tsis muaj zog.
Sintering cua txias ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb. Hydrogen in emospheres txo cov oxides ntawm cov hlau stainless thiab lwm yam alloys, txhawb kev ua kom zoo dua particle. Lub tshuab nqus tsev sintering tiv thaiv oxidation ntawm reactive cov hlau xws li titanium. Qee cov ntaub ntawv xav tau Argon lossis nitrogenes kom ua tiav phiaj xwm densities.
Tshaj tawm - kev ua tau nce ntxiv ntom ntom ntom.Kub iSostatic Pressing Siv Kub thiab siab ib txhij, collapsing tshuav ntau qhov siab kom ncav cuag 99-100% ntawm theoretical ceev. Cov kev ua haujlwm hauv kev ua haujlwm thib ob Aerospace thiab kev kho mob kho mob uas mob siab me me ntawm porosity nyuaj siab lossis kev nyab xeeb.
Kev xaiv cov khoom siv hauv Mim tsim cov kev txiav txim siab yuav ua li cas theoretical qhov tsis txaus ntseeg cuam tshuam rau shrinkage suav. Tus tsim qauv nyiaj rau volumetric shrinkage thaum sintering los ntawm oversizing tshuab tej kab noj hniav. Lub zog ntawm stainless hlau ntu phiaj yuav tsum muaj kwv yees li 16% kev pov tseg shrinkage, xam los ntawm lub kib cag ntawm lub ntom piv.
Cov ntawv thov hla cov khoom siv science
Theoretical cov lus qhia ntom ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tsim kev lag luam hla ntau yam kev lag luam. Hauv cov kev tshawb fawb roj teeb, electrode nrog kev ua kom muaj peev xwm siab lithium yuav tsum muaj cov qauv kev cai lij choj los ntawm kev cai lij choj los ntawm kev cai lij choj los ntawm kev tswj hwm- kev tawm mus ncig. Cov kws tshawb fawb suav ua theoretical densities ntawm cov ntaub ntawv tshiab cathode thiab anode cov ntaub ntawv los twv xyuas cov khoom txuag hluav taws xob kev ua haujlwm ua ntej synthesis.
Cov khoom siv ceramic siv theoretical tuab los ua kom ua kom zoo sai dhau sailing cov sij hawm. Los ntawm kev ntsuas ceev ntom ntom ntawm lub sij hawm thaum lub sijhawm muaj kev sim siab, lawv qhia qhov ntsuas kub thiab sijhawm cuam tshuam li cas. Cov ntaub ntawv no qhia tawm cov kev mob siab tshaj plaws uas ua kom ceev nrawm thaum tsis muaj kev sib luag thiab tiv thaiv tsis xws luag.
Lub Aerospace kev lag luam specifies tsawg kawg nkaus tus neeg txheeb ze rau kev nyab xeeb - tseem ceeb Cheebtsam. Turbine yas, txuas txuas cov txheej txheem, thiab tsaws iav feem ntau yuav tsum muaj 98% lossis siab dua txheeb ze kom ntseeg tau tias muaj kev mob hnyav. Tsis {4 4}} Kev sim tshuaj ntsuam xyuas qhov tseeb tias cov chaw tsim khoom sib dhos.
Kev tsim khoom ntxiv tau ua rau theoretical ntom laij cov kev suav ntau dua thiab tseem ceeb dua. Laser hmoov txaj thiab hluav taws xob Beasion thiab electron nqaj melting tsim cov txheej los ntawm txheej txheej, nrog kev ua cov tsis sib xws tau cuam tshuam txog qhov kawg. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav yam ntxwv melt pas dej ua ke, cov nqi cua txias kom nkag siab cov txheej txheem sib txawv cuam tshuam nrog kev sib txawv ntawm theoretical thiab ua tiav ntom.
Biomaterials qhia txog cov kev txiav txim siab ntom ntom ntom nti.Pob txha nqaij cov pob txha ua kom pom kev khaus khaus porosity {}} ib txwm 60}} 80%-upsical cell infiltration thiab vascularization. Txawm li ntawd, cov neeg tsim qauv suav theoretical ceev ntawm cov scaffold cov khoom nws tus kheej los txiav txim siab ntau npaum li cas porosity tau hais txog kev coj ua tsis zoo.
Composite cov ntaub ntawv yuav tsum muaj theoretical density suav cov nplai. Cov khoom siv matrix muaj nws tus kheej theoretical density, txhawb cov fibers muaj lawv, thiab cov composite system muaj cov kwv yees qhov sib xws. Muab piv rau kev ntsuas ntsuas ntsuas qhov ua rau muaj kev tawm tsam cov teeb meem uas yog li fiber ntau cov cheeb tsam, lossis kev tsim kom muaj void.
Theoretical vs. tseeb ntom
Qhov tsis sib xws ntawm theoretical thiab tiag tiag ntom stems los ntawm cov ntaub ntawv kev kawm txuj ci tseem ceeb. Cov muaju muaj cov khoom tsis xws luag -}} vac vacanc and thiab interstitials uas cuam tshuam zoo meej atomic kev tswj hwm. Txawm tias ib qho muaju tau zus nrog kev saib xyuas heev muaj qhov tsis meej ntawm 10⁻⁶, txaus kom tsawg dua hauv qab cov nuj nqis hauv qab theoretical qhov tseem ceeb.
Cov qoob loo nplej hauv cov ntaub ntawv polycrystalline pab txhawb kev txo qis dua qhov ceev. Cov kev npaj atomic ntawm cov ciaj ciam ntawm cov ciaj ciam yog qhov tsis muaj tsawg dua li hauv cov nplej, tsim cov cheeb tsam ntawm qis dua ntom ntom. Cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov qoob loo zoo thiab muaj ntau thaj chaw sib xyaw ua ke thaum txhim kho lub zog los ntawm lub cuab- cov nyhuv.
Ua {-} indicts portosity nws sawv daws loj tshaj plaws ntawm theoretical thiab tseeb ntom rau cov khoom siv tsim tshiab. Casting cov txheej txheem ntxiab roj npuas, hmoov sib xyaw ua ke sib txuas lus sib txuas lus, thiab txias nrawm ua kom nruj. Txhua txoj kev tsim tsim tau muaj tus yam ntxwv ua rau cov kws tshawb fawb cov kws tshawb fawb yam ntxwv thiab ua haujlwm kom txo qis.
Kub thiab lub siab cuam tshuam rau kev ntsuas ceev ceev.Feem ntau theoretical Densicies tau muab xam ntawm cov qauv kev kawm (25 degree), tab sis cov ntaub ntawv tiag tiag nthuav nrog cua sov. Cov coefficient ntawm thermal expansion txiav txim siab npaum li cas ntom txo li kub nce. Ntawm qhov kev pab cuam kub kom sov, qhov sib txawv ntawm chav - kub theoretical ceev thiab tseeb ntom dav.
Alloying cov ntsiab lus thiab cov kev tawm tsam hloov ntom ntom los ntawm qhov tseem ceeb tshaj plaws. Cov tshuaj kho zog ntxiv dag zog rau txhob ua cov atoms ntawm ntau qhov sib txawv rau cov qauv crystal, distorting tus qauv zoo meej. Cov distortions cuam tshuam rau ob qho tib si lattice tsis thiab atomic packing, hloov theoretical density suav thiab tsim kev sib txawv los ntawm cov khoom siv ntshiab.
Cov khoom siv yas ntxiv ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis sib haum xeeb, thiab cov kev tsis sib haum xeeb sawv cev cuam tshuam rau kev txiav txim zoo nkauj crystalline. Hnyav txias {{{- Cov hlau ua haujlwm muaj kev cuam tshuam ntau ntawm 10¹⁴ rau cov khoom siv tsis sib xws piv rau cov khoom siv sib xyaw.
Kev ntsuas thiab cov txheej txheem pov thawj
X - ray diffraction muab cov ntaub ntawv crystallographic xav tau los xam theoretical ntom. Los ntawm kev txheeb cais cov qauv, cov kws tshawb nrhiav txiav txim siab lattice tsis muaj nrog precision zoo dua 0.001 Å. Qhov kev txhais no raug txhais ua theoretical ua kom muaj kev suav tsis pub dhau 0.1% rau zoo- tus cwj pwm crystal qauv.
Rau kev sim pov thawj, cov qauv archedes muaj qhov ncaj ncees ceev ceev ntsuas ntom. Cov qauv yog hnyav hauv huab cua (MDRY), tom qab ntawd siab noo nrog dej thiab hnyav raug tshem tawm hauv dej (msuspended) thiab hauv huab cua thaum ntub (mwet). Ntws sib npaug MDRY / (Mwet {{2} msuspended), qhov twg dej ceev yog xav tias yog 1.00 g / cm³ ntawm chav kawm.
Helium pycnometry kev ntsuas cov pob txha pob txha pob txha los yog siv helium roj mus rau kev sojntsuam cov khoom ntim thaum tsis suav cov porosity. Cov txheej txheem nias nias cov qauv muaj cov khoom siv, tom qab ntawd txuas nws rau cov ntaub ntawv siv ntawm paub ntim. Kev hloov siab hloov pauv ua raws Boyle txoj cai, pom cov volume nyob ntawm cov khoom khoom. Muab faib ua cov qauv ntim tau los ntawm cov khoom ntim muab pob txha ceev, uas yuav tsum sib npaug sib luag theoretical ceev yog tsawg heev kaw porosity tshwm sim.
Cov roj txuas ntxiv roj txuas ntxiv txuas ntxiv mus rau lwm cov pa roj ntxiv ntawm nws. Nitrogen Pycnometry ua haujlwm tau zoo rau ntau cov ntaub ntawv, tab sis Helium lub me me molecular loj ua rau nws zoo dua thaum nkag siab qhov muag muaj tseeb. Precision Pycnometers Qhia txog tsib qhov chaw ua haujlwm, ua kom pom cov txheej txheem ntawm kev hloov pauv hloov pauv lossis cov qauv kev sib txawv.
Duab ntsuas Quantifies porosity hauv ob thiab peb qhov ntev.Optical tsom rau cov ntoo khaub lig polished {}}}}} seem nthuav tawm cov feem ntau cov feem ntau cov feem ntau cov feem ntau cov ntim. Ntsuas Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob Hluav Taws Xob muab cov kev daws teeb meem siab dua rau cov hws khov. X - Ray ua piv txwv tom ntej tsim 3D kev tsim tawm 3D kev rov tsim dua tshiab uas qhia tau cov lej sib tsoo yam tsis muaj kev sib tsoo.
Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry Cov xeeb ntxwv Pore qhov loj me nyuam thaum ntsuas ntom ntom ntom ntom ntom. Cov txheej txheem siv zuj zus zuj zus los yuam kom muaj mercury mus rau hauv qhov loj me, sau ntim intruded vagus siab. Kev txheeb xyuas cov khoom loj me faib, tag nrho cov pore ntim ntau, thiab bulk ntom. Muab piv rau qhov ntom ntom ntom quab yuam kom muaj kev sib tw yog qhov qhib thiab kaw pores nkag mus rau mercury.
Kev txiav txim siab siab thiab kev txwv
The theoretical density suav cov kev suav tias muaju zoo heev muaju ntawm tsis muaj xoom nrog tsis muaj thermal dibrations. Tiag tiag cov muaju ntawm finite kub muaj atoms vibrating ib ncig sib npaug, muaj kev nthuav dav muaj txiaj ntsig zoo uas txo qhov ntom ntom. Cov cim debye kub cov nyhuv no -} Cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov khoom siv hluav taws kub siab (thaum cov uas muaj tsawg kawg kub heev nthuav dav ntau dua.
Tsis - Stoichiometry ua rau theoretical ceev rau Feo (Wüstite), uas muaj dua li muaj ntau yam los ntawm FEIN.₈₄O RAU FEO.₉₅o. Ntau dhau ntawm cov pa oxygen tsim cov ntawv tshaj tawm uas txo qis qis dua hauv qab tus nqi suav rau cov nqi zoo meej. Cov kws tshawb nrhiav yuav tsum ua tib zoo txiav txim siab qhov tseeb muaj pes tsawg leeg ua ntej xam theoretical ceev.
Amorphoud cov ntaub ntawv tam sim no kev sib tw. Yog tsis muaj ntev - deb crystalline kev txiav txim, tsis muaj chav nyob ntawm cov kev suav ua ib txwm muaj. Rau tsom iav thiab amorphoud hlau, "theoretical tuab" qee zaum yog tus qauv amorpephous muaj 1-3% qis dua vim tsawg dua atomic packing.
Cov ntaub ntawv anyotropic ua rau muaj teeb meem ntxiv.Cov muaju nrog cov kev coj ua noncubic muaj cov kev taw qhia - Sawv daws nyob twj ywm cov khoom, thiab theoretical qhov chaw ntom sawv cev rau txhua qhov kev cob qhia. Cov ntaub ntawv muaj koob meej polycrrystalline uas cov nplej tau nyiam dua nrog cov qauv ntsuas ua kom sib txawv nrog cov qauv kev ntsuas yog porosity lossis porositional grity nrog kev ntxhib los mos.
Quantum cuam tshuam muaj feem cuam tshuam ntawm nanoscale qhov ntev. Nanoparticles muaj ntau dua lub zog dua li cov ntaub ntawv loj, muaj feem cuam tshuam nrog kev sib npaug atomic ib qho thiab yog li ceev. Cov txheej txheem theoretical rau nanocrystalline yuav tsum muaj nyiaj rau cov atoms nyob ntawm cov ciaj ciam thiab chaw.
Kev twv ua ntej ntawm theoretical ceev rau cov ntaub ntawv tshiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm qhov raug nyob hauv qhov kev ua haujlwm tsis haum. Cov haujlwm sib txawv (LDA, GGA, Hybrid ua haujlwm) twv xyuas me ntsis sib txawv lattice thiab li txawv theoretical densities. Kev sim ua tau yeej tseem ceeb tseem ceeb nyob rau thaum xam parsications Qhia cov lus qhia cov ntaub ntawv tsim.
Cov Lus Nquag Nug
Vim li cas theoretical tsis tseem ceeb hauv cov ntaub ntawv engineering?
Theoretical density tsim cov cim rau ntsuas kev tsim cov khoom lag luam kom zoo thiab ua kom ua tau zoo. Nws ua kom muaj kev xam ntawm cov paj hlwb ntau ntau uas cuam tshuam cov khoom siv tshuab ua, thermal conductivity, thiab lwm yam kev ua tau zoo. Tsis paub txog theoretical tuab, engeters tsis tuaj yeem ua kom cov txiaj ntsig kev hloov pauv tau lossis ua ntej siv ua ntej.
Puas muaj cov khoom siv ua tiav 100% theoretical ceev?
Tsis muaj cov khoom siv mus txog 100% theoretical ceev nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj mob. Txawm hais tias ib qho muaju muaju nrog kev saib xyuas zoo tshaj plaws muaj taw tes yam tsis xws luag ntawm cov cua sov vim yog thermodynamic effiilibrium. Kub Isostatic Pressing tuaj yeem mus txog 99.9% theoretical qhov ntom ntawm txhua tus porosity, tab sis zoo meej} PUB DAWB rau cov khoom kub ntawm qhov kub tshaj xo.
Yuav ua li cas theoretical density sib txawv ntawm cov tshuaj ntshiab thiab cov alloys?
Cov hlau ntshiab tau ncaj cov theoretical cov tseem ceeb tau suav los ntawm lawv cov qauv crystal thiab atomic pawg. Alloys yuav tsum tau ua kom muaj kev sib xyaw thiab yuav tsum tau nyiaj rau seb cov khoom tsis muaj cov ntsiab lus lossis cov theem sib cais. Hauv kev daws teeb meem alloys, Lattice Cov teeb meem hloov pauv nrog cov kev cai lij choj hauv qab no yog kev sib raug zoo, xav tau kev sib raug zoo ntawm theoretical ntau dua li yooj yim interpication.
Dab tsi ua rau muaj kev sib txawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm theoretical thiab tseeb ntom?
Ua -}} indive porosity feem ntau tsim qhov sib txawv loj tshaj plaws ntawm theoretical thiab ntsuas ntom ntom. Sintered cov ntaub ntawv, cov khoom siv, thiab cov khoom tsim ntxiv muaj voids xws li millimeters rau ntawm cov txheej txheem. Qhov porosity fraction tuaj yeem ncav cuag 5 {{-}} 20% nyob rau hauv cov kev sib haum xeeb, nyob deb tshaj plaws los ntawm cov khoom tsis xws luag, thaj tsam sib txawv, lossis hluav taws xob sib txawv, lossis kev nthuav dav.
Cov Ntaub Ntawv Teev
ScienceSirecect cov ntsiab lus - theoretical Density Txheej txheem cej luam (sciencyivecct.com)
Tshawb nrhiav - theoretical qhov tseem ceeb xam suav cov kev cai (Tshawb Fawb.net)
BodyCote Technology (BodyCote.com)
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