W-steels tseem muag, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau cov kwj deg, tab sis lawv tsis siv ntau dua li lawv nyob hauv 19th thiab 20th centuries. Qhov no yog ib nrab vim hais tias W-steels warp thiab tawg ntau ntau thaum lub sij hawm quench dua roj-quenched los yog cua tshuab hardening steels.
Lub toughness ntawm W-pab pawg steels yog nce los ntawm alloying nrog manganese, silicon thiab molybdenum. Mus txog 0.20% ntawm vanadium yog siv los tuav nplua loj ntau npaum li cas thaum lub sijhawm ua kom sov sov.
Cov ntaub ntawv sau npe siv rau ntau hom dej yog rau W-steels:
0.60-0.75% cov pa roj carbon: tshuab qhov chaw, chisels, setscrews; cov khoom muaj xws li nruab nrab hardness nrog zoo toughness thiab poob siab ua hauj.
0.76-0.90% carbon: forging dies, hammers, thiab sledges.
0.91-1.10% carbon: kev siv cov cuab yeej dav dav uas yuav tsum tau muaj qhov zoo tshuav ntawm kev hnyav thiab ua kom muaj zog, xws li rasps, kev xyaum siv, txiav, thiab shear hniav.
1.11-1.30% carbon: cov ntaub ntawv, kev siv me me, tshuab dhos tshuab, rab chais hniav, thiab lwm yam teeb meem-qhov kev siv ntau dua uas yuav tsum tau ua haujlwm yog tsis muaj teeb meem loj. Hlau ntawm li 0.8% C tau li nyuaj li hlau nrog ntau carbon, tab sis cov dawb iron carbide hais nyob rau hauv 1% los yog 1.25% cov carbon ua nws tuav ib ntug zoo dua. Txawm li cas los xij, nplua nkaus ntug dua tuaj yeem tawm sai dua nws, yog tias nws siv los txiav cov qaub av acidic los yog khoom qab ntsev.