Cov neeg feem coob xav "tooj liab alloy" thiab tam sim ntawd brass lossis tooj liab. Uas, ncaj - cov yog cov loj sawv daws yuav. Tab sis muaj zoo li 400+}} sib txawv tooj liab alloy ntau daim ntawv sau npe nrog tus tooj liab kev txhim kho kev txhim kho. Tsis muaj leej twg siv lawv txhua tus. Feem ntau ntawm kev lag luam sau ntawm tej zaum 30-40 hom alloys. Tus so yog cov khoom tshwj xeeb lossis cov kev ua haujlwm alloys uas tsis muaj leej twg ua ntxiv lawm tab sis tseem yog cov txheej txheem "sau npe."
Vim li cas thiaj muaj tooj liab hauv thawj qhov chaw?
Ntshuam ntshiab - Peb hu li cas "ua lag luam ntshiab tooj liab" uas yog qhov tseeb 99.9%- yog mos. Tiag tiag. Koj tuaj yeem muab tshuaj txhuam hniav nrog koj cov rau tes yog tias koj nias nyuaj txaus. Hluav taws xob hluav taws xob zoo (thib ob tsuas yog rau nyiaj), Great Thermal conductivity, zoo heev corrosion tsis kam. Tab sis cov khoom siv mechanies tsis muaj zog. Lub zog tensile tsuas yog nyiam 200-250 MPa rau annaled tooj liab.
Rau kev sib piv, cov hlau qauv txheem yog 400-550 mpa. Aluminium alloys tuaj yeem tsoo 500-600 MPa. Yog li cov tooj liab ntshiab tsis muaj zog txaus rau cov ntawv thov lossis txhua yam uas yuav tsum tuav cov nra.
Tsis tas li tooj liab ua hauj lwm - hardens zoo li vwm thaum koj sim ua nws. Txias ua hauj lwm ua rau lub zog tab sis ua rau nws nkig. Tom qab ntawd koj yuav tsum tau Annal nws (kho cua sov kom muag muag nws) ua ntej koj tuaj yeem ua haujlwm nws ntau dua. Nws yog qhov mob.
Yog li peb ntxiv cov ntsiab lus sib ntxiv rau:
Nce lub zog yam tsis muaj kev txi ntau dhau lawm
Txhim Kho Cov Hnav Tsis kam
Txhim Kho Tshuab Luam Ntawv
Hloov cov xim (qee zaum cov teeb meem zoo nkauj)
Txo tus nqi (zinc yog txoj kev pheej yig dua tooj liab)
Lub lag luam - tawm yog ib txwm ua haujlwm. Ntxiv cov ntsiab lus ntxiv ntau ntxiv, kev coj ua kom qis dua. Tsis muaj su noj dawb.
Cov tsev neeg tseem ceeb (qhov no tau txais kev cuam tshuam sai)
Brasses - tooj liab + zinc:
Qhov no yog tej zaum yog dab tsi feem ntau cov neeg xav txog li "tooj liab alloy." Cov xim yog tias daj - nyiaj kub. Zinc cov ntsiab lus ranges los ntawm zoo li 5% txog 40% +.
Tsawg - dinc brasses (qis dua 20% zinc) yog hu ua "liab tooj liab" lossis "gilding hlau." Tseem zoo nkauj coppine saib. Siv rau cov xwm txheej mos, Architectural txiav, uas yog yam ntawd.
Nruab nrab - dinc brasses (20 - 36% zinc) yog cov muaj. Cartridge Brass yog 70% tooj liab, 30% zinc - qhov no yog tej zaum yog cov tooj daj feem ntau. Fedability zoo, decen zog, tshuab kheej.
Siab - dinc brasses (tshaj 36% zinc) muaj zog dua tab sis tsawg dua condile. Muntz Hlau yog 60/40 copper - zinc. Siv rau nkoj sheathing rov qab nyob rau hauv lub hnub vim nws pheej yig dua li cov tooj liab ntshiab tab sis tseem tawm tsam dej hiav txwv corrosion zoo nkauj.
Kuj tseem muaj cov paib tiv thaiv qhov chaw uas lawv ntxiv 1-3% ua rau txhim kho machinability. Cov hmoov txhuas cov hmoov me me cov nplais uas ua zoo li chip breakers thaum koj machining. Ua rau cov nplais tawg tawm tawm kom huv si es tsis txhob sib sau ntev txoj hlua ntev curls uas qhwv ib ncig ntawm koj cov cuab yeej txiav.
Tab sis cov tsiaj ua rau brasses tau txais phased tawm vim yog ib puag ncig kev cai. Ua rau hauv cov dej haus fixtures raug txwv tam sim no nyob rau hauv ntau qhov chaw. Yog li txhua tus neeg hloov mus rau cov coj los ua rau- pub dawb cov kev xaiv nrog kev bismuth lossis silicon hloov. Lub tshuab luam ntawv tsis zoo tab sis txhua yam, cov cai yog cov cai tswj hwm.
Bronzes - tooj liab + tin:
Keeb kwm bronze yog lub tooj liab xwb. Bronze muaj hnub nyoog thiab txhua yam ntawd. Tin ua rau tooj txoj kev nyuaj thiab muaj zog. Ancient smiths tau xam no li 5000 xyoo dhau los.
Niaj hnub no tin bronzes feem ntau muaj 4-12% Tin. Ntau tshaj qhov ntawd thiab nws tau nkig dhau. Phosphor Bronze Ntxiv rau me ntsis ntawm phosphorus (0.1-0.5%) uas deoxidizes cov yaj thiab txhim kho cov khoom.
Phosphor Bronze muaj lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav zoo tshaj plaws. Siv rau cov neeg sib tw hluav taws xob, hloov pauv, bearings, bushings. Kuv tau ua haujlwm nrog C510 Phosphor Bronze tau me ntsis- nws yog 5% tin, roj phosphorus, so tooj liab. Cov khoom zoo rau cov ntawv thov caij nplooj ntoos hlav.
Tab sis "Bronze" tau dhau los ua lub sijhawm tsis meej pem vim tias tam sim no peb hu rau ntau yam tsis {{0} tin tooj liab alloys "tooj dag." Aluminium tooj daj tsis muaj ib qho tin - nws yog tooj + txhuas. Silicon Bronze yog tooj liab + silicon. Manganese bronze yog qhov tseeb - lub zog tooj dag (feem ntau tooj liab- hlau thiab manganese). Lub hom lus yog ib qhov mess.
Aluminium Bronzes:
Cov no ntxim nyiam. Tooj liab + txhuas, feem ntau 5 -} 11% txhuas. Lawv tau ua tau corrosion tsis kam - zoo dua li cov hlau tsis muaj kev siv hauv dej hiav txwv. Kuj ua lub zog zoo, zoo nkauj hnav tsis kam.
Qhov teeb meem yog lawv nyuaj rau cam khwb cia thiab tshuab. Txhuas oxidizes npaj kom yooj yim yog li koj tau txais cov khoom siv nyuaj txhuas oxide nyob hauv microstructure. Cov lus no hnav tawm cov cuab yeej ceev ceev. Kuv twb hlawv los ntawm carbide inserts machining txhuas tooj daj. Tsis lom zem.
Aluminium Bronze yog siv ntau hauv cov ntawv thov marine {}}}}}} Tus kws lij choj, twj tsis muaj zog, lub cev valve. Nyob txhua qhov chaw koj xav tau dej hiav txwv corrosion tsis kam. Roj thiab roj kev lag luam siv nws ib yam nkaus.
Tooj liab - nickels (cunifer):
Cov no yog tooj liab - nickel alloys, feem ntau 10% lossis 30% npib tsib xee. Zoo heev seitw dej tsis kam {{4 4}} cupronickel (90% tooj liab, 10% npib ntawm nkoj thiab ntug dej.
70-30 Lub Cuponickel tau siv rau US Cinage los ntawm 1965-tam sim no (quarters, Dimes, ib nrab lab). Cov nyiaj tau txais ntau dhau yog li lawv tau hloov mus rau Cuponickel Clad ntawm lub tooj liab core. Cov nyiaj npib zoo saib nyiaj tab sis yeej feem ntau tooj liab thiab npib tsib xee.
Qhov tseeb kev lom zem: lub cuponickel hauv npib ua haujlwm - tawv los ntawm txhua txoj kev tuav thiab cuam tshuam. Npib Qub yog qhov nyuaj tshaj qhov tshiab. Koj tuaj yeem ntsuas nws nrog cov kws ua tes hardner.
Berylllex tooj liab:
Qhov no yog qhov txawv tshaj plaws. Tooj liab + 1.5-2}% beryllium. Suab zoo li tsis muaj dab tsi txoj cai? Tsis ncaj ncees lawm.
BerylLinelium tooj liab tuaj yeem yog hnub nyoog -}}} Hardenation hardening) kom ncav qhov zog ntawm 1200 {{400 mpa. Uas muaj zog dua ntau tus hlau. Ntxiv rau nws khaws cov hluav taws xob zoo - tsis yog zoo li ntshiab tooj liab tab sis txoj kev zoo dua li cov hlau.
Yog li nws tau siv rau cov neeg sib tw hluav taws xob, cov cuab yeej siv tooj liab tsis yog {} Nplooj tooj, txhua yam siab- kev ua tau khoom.
Qhov poob qis: BerylLium yog tshuaj lom. Tiag tiag toxic. Nqus plua plav hav zoov beryllacle plua plav lossis cov pa taws tuaj yeem ua rau breallliosis, mob ntsws ntev ntev. Yog li koj yuav tsum tau ceev faj ceev ceev machining lossis vuam beryllium tooj liab. Xav tau kev tiv thaiv zoo, kev tiv thaiv kev ua pa, tag nrho.
Thiab byllium yog kim. Zoo li kim heev. Beryllium tooj liab tus nqi 10-20x ntau tshaj cov qauv tooj lossis tooj liab. Koj tsuas yog siv thaum koj xav tau cov khoom.
Kuv tau ua haujlwm nrog Beryllium tooj liab ob peb zaug. Nws tshuab tshuab nicely - hom zoo li tooj dag. Tab sis koj yog paranoid tag nrho lub sijhawm hais txog kev tsim cov hmoov av. Txhua nti tau sau thiab pov tseg kom zoo. Mob hauv lub nroog Yeiuxalees tab sis tsim nyog.
Yuav ua li cas cov alloying ua haujlwm tau ua haujlwm (metallurgy sijhawm)
Thaum koj ntxiv cov ntsiab lus rau tooj liab, lawv txawm:
Yaj rau hauv cov kev daws teeb meem-} atoms tsuas yog sib xyaw rau hauv lub tooj liab crystal lattice. Qhov no yog dab tsi tshwm sim nrog zinc hauv brass txog li 35-36% zinc. Lub zinc atoms hloov rau tooj liab atoms hauv cov qauv crystal. Qhov no nce lub zog (cov teeb meem daws teeb meem zog ntxiv) tab sis txo kev ua haujlwm vim tias zinc attrict eleption eleptter.
Daim Ntawv Thib Ob{{0- Ntau dua qee qhov ntau dua, cov qauv tshiab siv lead ua. Nyob rau hauv tooj dag saum toj no 36% zinc, koj tau txais beta theem uas yog qhov nyuaj thiab xaws ntau dua li alphale. Lub microstructure ua ob -}}} epha + beta) thiab cov khoom pauv tau ntau.
Precipate tawm raws li cov lus{{0- hauv lub hnub nyoog - Cov ntawv tooj liab zoo li beepylium cov ntawv me me thaum koj kub kho nws. Cov lus no thaiv dislocation txav uas ntxiv dag zog heev. Qhov no yog nag ntsis hardening thiab nws yog li cas koj tau txais lub zog vwm siab.
Qhov tseeb microstructure nyob ntawm kev sib xyaw thiab kev ua. Txias ua haujlwm, annealing kub, txias tus nqi, tag nrho ntawm nws teeb meem.
Kuv tau coj daim ntawv metallurgy chav kawm rov qab rau hauv ... 2007? 2008? Ib ntawm cov xyoo ntawd. Tus xibhwb tau ua rau peb npaj thiab etch metallographic cov qauv ntawm cov tooj liab tooj liab sib txawv thiab saib lawv nyob rau hauv lub tshuab tsom. Tooj dag tau yooj yim - zoo lis qauv. Aluminium Bronze yog qhov tsis txaus -} txhua qhov txawv txawv ntu thiab cov tawv tawv. Ua tsis tau tejyam uas xeem cov lus nug tiag tiag. Tseem ntxhov siab txog nws.
Cov Khoom Siv thiab Kev Lag Luam - Offs
Hluav Taws Xob Ua Haujlwm:Ntshiab tooj liab yog 100% IRS (International Annealed tooj liab txheem). Qhov ntawd yog qhov siv siv.
Brasses poob mus rau 25-40% IRS nyob ntawm Zinc Cov Ntsiab Lus. Aluminium bronzes yog zoo li 7-15% iAcs. Beryllium copper tom qab hnub nyoog tawv yog nyob ib ncig ntawm 20-25% IRS.
Yog li yog tias koj xav tau kev ua haujlwm siab, koj lo nrog tus tooj liab dawb lossis tej zaum hu tooj liab {{free} cov nyiaj alloy. Yog tias koj tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qis qis dua, koj tuaj yeem xaiv ib qho kev sib txuas nrog cov khoom siv zoo dua.
Thermal Condivity:Kev pauv sib xws - tawm. Ntsiav tooj dawb yog li ntawm 390-400 W / MIN. Tooj dag yog ntau dua li 100-150 w / may. Txhuas Bronze yog 60-80 w / min k.
Lub dab dej sov thiab cov khoom noj ua noj siv cov tooj liab ntshiab lossis siab -} tooj liab alloys. Cov khoom coj tau tuaj yeem siv cov khoom lag luam qis dua alloys.
Corrosion Kuj:Cov roj cig cop coper feem ntau tiv thaiv atmospheric corrosion zoo. Lawv tsim cov patina tiv thaiv (qhov ntsuab oxidation uas koj pom ntawm cov laus tooj liab ruent) uas qeeb qeeb ntxiv corrosion.
Dej hiav txwv yog cov trickier. Ntsev dawb tooj corrodes maj mam tab sis tsis tu ncua. Aluminium bronzes thiab tooj - nickels muaj ntau dua nyob hauv seawater. Brasses tuaj yeem raug kev txom nyem los ntawm dezincification nyob rau hauv qee qhov xwm txheej -} cov txiv duaj tsis muaj qab. Koj xav tau inibited tooj dag alloys lossis tsuas yog zam kev zam ntawm dej hiav txwv.
Machinability:Cov tasses tshuab zoo nkauj. Dawb -} Txiav cov tooj daj (c {% tooj liab, 3% lead) yog cov qauv kub. Nws tau ntsuas 100% nyob rau ntawm lub tshuab nplai thiab txhua tsav txhua yam yog muab piv rau nws.
Ntshuam tooj liab tshuab txaus ntshai heev. Muag muag dhau, gubmy. Koj tau txais cov chaw tsis zoo ua tiav thiab ua-} tig rau ntawm koj cov cuab yeej txiav.
Aluminium Bronze Machine phem vim tias cov tawv tawv tawv txhuas.
BerylLine COPPER MACHINE zoo tab sis koj yuav tsum tau nrog kev txhawj xeeb toxicity.
Nqi:Tooj liab yog lub hauv paus. Zinc tseem pheej yig yog tias muaj peev xwm ua tau tiag tiag li tus tooj liab dawb txawm tias koj "diluting" tooj liab.
Tin yog kim yog li bronzes raug nqi ntau dua. Nickel tau kim heev li tooj liab - tus neeg tsis muaj nqi ntau dua. Beryllium yog insanely kim yog li berylylium tooj liab nqi txoj kev ntau dua.
Lub 2024-2025 tooj tooj tooj liab tau bouncing ib ncig ntawm $ 8,000-10,000 ib metric tuj. Zinc zoo li $ 2,500-3,000 ib tuj. Yog li ntxiv zinc txuag nyiaj. Tin yog $ 25,000-30,000 ib tuj. Ntxiv Tin nce tus nqi.
Cov khoom siv tus nqi tsav ntau cov kev txiav txim siab tagnrho ntawm kev lag luam hauv cov khoom lag luam.
Cov ntawv thov feem ntau (qhov chaw koj ua tau pom cov khoom no)
Hluav Taws Xob thiab Electronics:
Hlau thiab cable - Tus tooj liab ntshiab feem ntau, qee zaum tooj liab alloys rau lub zog
Lub tsheb npav {{0} Tus tooj liab ntshiab
Print Circuit Cours - tooj liab ntawv nyiaj ntawm cov fiberglass
Connectors thiab Hu Rau - Phosphor Bronze, BerylLlium Tooj Liab
Leadhamraframes rau semiconductor chips -} tooj liab alloys
Kav dej thiab hvac:
Kav dej thiab leeg {- Tus tooj liab ntshiab (c} {1} {}} deoxidized siab phosphorus)
Fittings -} tooj dag (c36000 lossis lead - free sib txig sib npaug)
Kev sib hloov cua sov - tooj dag lossis tooj liab -} npib tsib xee
Li qub -} tooj dag, tooj dag, qee zaum txhuas tooj
Tubrog nkoj:
Cov kws lij choj -} manganese bronze lossis txhuas tooj
Dej hiav txwv piping - tooj liab - nickel (90-10-30)
HIAV NYOOG (Keeb kwm) - muntz hlau lossis tooj liab
Fasteners - bricon bronze
Neeg Kho Tshuab:
Bearings thiab Bushings - Phosphor Bronze, Txhuas Tooj
Zog - Phosphor Bronze, Txhuas Tooj
Springs - Phosphor Bronze, BerylLlium Tooj Liab
Vuam Cov Lus Qhia - chromium tooj liab (tooj liab {% chromium rau siab {2} temp lub zog)
Tus Kws Tsim Qauv:
Vuas thiab Cladding - ncheej tus tooj liab ntshiab, huab tais ntshiab, ntsuab rau ntsuab patina
Qhov rooj kho vajtse - tooj dag, tooj dag
Hniav cov ntsiab lus - Ntau ntau yam tooj liab alloys nyob ntawm cov xim xav tau thiab ua tiav
Automotive:
Radiators - tooj dag cov leeg (siv los ua, tam sim no feem ntau aluminium)
Siv hluav taws xob hauv hluav taws xob - tooj liab dawb
Bearings - bronze, bimetal (steel backed nrog bronze)
Nres cov kab - tooj liab -} npib tsib xee
Teeb meem thiab cov kev txwv
Qhov Teeb Meem 1: Tooj yog kim thiab tsis muaj zog
Tooj liab nqi viav vias wildly raws li ntiaj teb xav tau. Thaum 2008 kev teeb meem nyiaj txiag, tooj liab poob ntawm $ 8,000 / tuj mus rau $ 3,000 / tuj hauv ob peb hlis. Tom qab ntawd nws rov qab los. Thaum lub sij hawm cov ntaub ntawv muab saw hlau mess hauv 2021-2022, tooj liab spiked rau $ 10,000+ / tuj.
Yog tias koj tsim khoom lag luam nrog tooj liab alloys, cov nqi viav vias tua koj cov npoo. Koj los xij yuav tsum muaj cov neeg ua lag luam ntawm cov khoom lag luam (nyuaj thiab pheej hmoo) lossis tus nqi dhau mus rau cov neeg siv khoom (uas tsis nyiam cov neeg siv khoom).
Qee qhov kev lag luam tau hloov mus deb ntawm tooj liab vim tias qhov no. Aluminium hloov tooj dag hauv radiators. Yas hloov tooj liab hauv qee cov kav dej (PeX tubing). Tsis yog ib txwm rau qhov zoo dua - Kuv tsis ntseeg Pex Ntev {}}}}}} Tab sis tus nqi txiav txim siab.
Teeb Meem 2: Qhov hnyav
Tooj liab hnyav. Ntom yog 8.96 g / cm³. Piv rau txhuas ntawm 2.70 g / cmà lossis titanium ntawm 4.5 g / cm³.
Rau auerospace lossis cov ntawv thov tsheb uas qhov hnyav, tooj liab alloys yog nyob rau qhov tsis zoo. Ntshe yog koj xav tau cov hluav taws xob lossis thermal conductivity, koj yuav xaiv cov khoom siv sib dua.
Cov tsheb hluav taws xob xav tau tons tooj liab rau cov motors thiab xaim. Qhov no txuas ntxiv hnyav. Cov kws tsim khoom siv sim txo cov tooj liab siv thaum tswj kev ua tau zoo. Kev - tawm ntawm txhua qhov chaw.
Qhov Teeb Meem 3: Kev cai ib puag ncig pheej hloov pauv
Txhuas hauv tooj dag uas siv los ua qauv. Tam sim no nws tau txwv lossis txwv nyob rau hauv cov ntawv thov loj me. Lub zumbing kev lag luam tau hloov kho txhua yam.
Muaj kev sib tham tsis tu ncua txog lwm yam cov ntsiab lus ib yam nkaus. BerylLlicium yog nruj nreem uas muaj txiaj ntsig vim yog toxicity. Qee tus neeg xav kom txwv npib tsib xee hauv cov neeg siv khoom vim yog Nickel ua xua.
Txhua zaus cov kev cai hloov pauv, cov tuam ntxhab yuav tsum tau ua cov ntaub ntawv uas yuav tsum tau ua thiab cov khoom lag luam uas cov kev hloov pauv. Kim thiab sijhawm -} noj.
Qhov Teeb Meem 4: Galvanic Corrosion
Thaum koj txuas cov tooj liab alloys rau lwm cov hlau nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm electrolyte (zoo li dej hiav txwv lossis cov av noo), koj tuaj yeem muaj cov av noo). Cov hlau tsawg dua cov hlau corrodes sai dua.
Tooj liab yog zoo nkauj noble (siab ntawm galvanic series) yog li nws feem ntau ua rau lwm cov hlau rau corre. Yog tias koj ntaus nyuj alloy rau txhuas lossis zinc hauv ib puag ncig marine, cov txhuas lossis zinc yuav crode sai.
Koj xav tau cov tshuaj ntxuav insulating, cov tsho tiv no, lossis kev xaiv ceev faj kom tsis txhob muaj qhov no. Nws yog qhov ua txhaum cai hauv kev tsim qauv. Kuv tau pom Aluminium nkhaus corrode tseg hauv lub hlis vim tias qee tus engineer bolted lawv mus rau ib tug bronze tivthaiv yam tsis muaj cais.
Teeb Meem 5: Kev ntxhov siab corrosion cracking (SCC)
Qee cov neeg tooj liab alloys muaj kev cuam tshuam rau kev ntxhov siab hauv qee qhov chaw ib puag ncig. Tooj dag tuaj yeem tawg hauv cov ammonia ib puag ncig. Qhov no yog hu ua "caij nrib pleb" vim tias nws tau pom thawj zaug hauv tooj dag carrass cartridge kis (ammonia los ntawm kev sib tw organic).
Koj yuav tsum paub txog ib puag ncig kev pabcuam thiab xaiv Alloys tsim nyog. Lossis kev ntxhov siab {- Txo cov chaw tom qab sib sau kom txo cov kev ntxhov siab uas muaj kev ntxhov siab. Los yog siv fribited alloys nrog ntxiv xws li arsenic lossis tin uas txo s scc girceptibility.
Qhov Teeb Meem 6: Koom nrog cov nyom
Vuam tooj liab alloys tuaj yeem ua kom tsis thoob. High thermal conductivity txhais tau tias kub dissipates sai sai {}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}}} Koj xav tau cov tswv yim muaj zog ua kom muaj weld. Aluminium tooj daj yog qhov nyuaj rau WELD vim yog cov tshuaj txhuas aluminium.
Brazing yog feem ntau yooj yim dua vuam rau tooj liab alloys. Tab sis brazing yuav tsum muaj cov chaw ua haujlwm tshwj xeeb thiab fluxes. Thiab koj yuav tsum ntxuav txhua yam ua ntej los yog lub ntsej muag sib koom ua ke yuav tsis muaj zog.
Kuv tau muaj cov pob qij txha ci tsis ua tiav vim tias ib tug neeg tsis ntxuav cov feem. Roj lossis roj paug tiv thaiv tiv thaiv lub ntsej muag los ntawm ntub dej. Qhov sib koom ua kom zoo tab sis tsis muaj lub zog. Mob kom daws teeb meem.
Vim li cas peb tseem siv cov neeg tooj liab assoys txawm tias muaj teeb meem
Vim tias lawv ua haujlwm. Cov roj cig tooj liab muaj cov ntaub ntawv pov thawj ua pov thawj rov qab ntau txhiab xyoo. Peb nkag siab txog lawv tus cwj pwm, peb tau tsim tsim cov txheej txheem tsim khoom, cov khoom siv rov ua dua tshiab muaj.
Hluav taws xob conductivity yog qhov nyuaj rau kev yeej - Tsuas yog cov nyiaj tau zoo dua thiab nyiaj yog kim dua. Rau cov ntawv siv hluav taws xob, tooj liab yog qhov tsis txaus ntseeg tam sim no.
Corrosion tsis kam nyob rau hauv cov av marine ib puag ncig zoo heev, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog rau tooj liab - npib tsib xee thiab txhuas tooj. Zoo dua li cov hlau, zoo dua txhuas. Yog tias koj xav tau dej hiav txwv tsis kam, tooj liab alloys feem ntau yog cov lus teb.
Lawv kuj yooj yim rov qab ua dua tshiab. Tooj liab thiab cov roj tooj liab muaj thoob plaws thiab rov ua dua thiab siv tsis tau txais yam tsis muaj kev ntxhov siab. Tus nqi SEEM yog qhov siab txaus uas kev sau thiab rov ua dua cov kev lag luam ua haujlwm. Sib piv nrog plastics uas cov rov qab ua dua tshiab yog feem ntau tsis muaj peev xwm kev lag luam.
Kwv yees li 50% ntawm tooj liab siv thoob ntiaj teb los ntawm cov khoom siv ua dua tshiab. Ntawd yog txoj kev siab dua li lwm cov ntaub ntawv.
Hloov chaw thiab cov lus qhia
Aluminium yog hloov tooj liab hauv qee cov ntawv thov.Cov Hluav Taws Xob Cov Hluav Taws Xob Siv Cov Hluav Taws Xob Siv Cov Khaub Ncaws Ntaus rau Daws Tsheb ntev vim qhov hnyav tseem ceeb dua kev ua haujlwm. Radiators hloov mus rau txhuas. Tsawg dua thermal conductivity tab sis sib dua thiab pheej yig dua.
Tab sis txhuas yuav tsis tau hloov tooj liab tag nrho lossis hluav taws xob ntau vim tias qhov txawv txav yog qhov loj heev.
Cov ntaub ntawv carbon (graphene, carbon nanotubes) yuav tshwm sim thaum kawg sib twhauv cov ntawv teev tshwj xeeb. Cov no tuaj yeem muaj hluav taws xob siab heev thiab thermal ua haujlwm. Tab sis peb tsis nyob ntawm kev lag luam nplai tsis tau thiab tej zaum yuav tsis yog rau lwm xyoo caum lossis ntau dua.
Cov alloys ua tiav tau tsim.COPPER - chromium - zirconium muaj lub zog zoo. Qee tus tooj liab - hlau {}}} pa phosphorus alloys muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej nthuav dav muaj cov cuab yeej sib xyaw nthuav. Ntau cov kev tshawb fawb mus rau kev txhim kho alloy acatistry rau cov ntawv thov tshwj xeeb.
Tab sis ua siab ncaj? Lub ntsiab tooj liab alloys peb siv hnub no {{0} {{--} xyoo. Lawv ua haujlwm. Kev lag luam yog kev txiav txim siab. Tshwj tsis yog muaj qhov laj thawj hloov pauv, peb lo nrog dab tsi muaj pov thawj.
Alloys tshiab feem ntau sau cov ntawv thov tam sim no uas cov qauv alloys tsis heev ua haujlwm. Zoo li cov tooj liab beryllium tau sau cov niche rau tsis- sparking siab- lub zog cuab yeej. Tab sis cov ntawv thov loj siv cov tshuaj alloys ib txwm muaj.
Dab tsi yog qhov tseem ceeb
Yog tias koj tsim ib yam dab tsi nrog cov tooj liab alloys, ntawm no yog qhov tseem ceeb:
Dab tsi cov khoom koj puas xav tau?Tsis txhob tshaj -}} Hais Lus. Yog tias koj xav tau corrosion tsis kam tab sis tsis muaj zog siab, tsis txhob xaiv qhov siab kim heev - lub zog alloy. Xaiv cov neeg pheej yig tshaj plaws uas ua tau raws li cov cai.
Koj puas tuaj yeem tiv thaiv qis dua kev ua haujlwm?Yog tias muaj, koj muaj txoj kev ntxiv ntau cov kev xaiv thiab tuaj yeem ua kom zoo rau cov nqi lossis cov khoom siv tshuab.
Dab tsi yog qhov chaw pabcuam?Corrosive? Siab kub? Hnav? Qhov no drives alloy xaiv ntau tshaj txhua yam.
Txoj kev raug?Qee cov alloys pov tab sis tshuab tsis zoo. Ib txhia yog qhov zoo rau stamping tab sis tsis tuaj yeem forged. Phim cov alloy rau koj cov txheej txheem.
Lub ntim yog dab tsi?Rau cov ntim loj, ua kom zoo cov khoom siv teeb meem. Rau cov ntim tsawg, siv txhua yam uas muaj txawm tias nws tsis yog qhov kev xaiv pheej yig tshaj plaws.
Koom Tes Nrog?Yog tias koj xav tau Weld, uas tshem tawm qee cov alloys lossis kom cov txheej txheem tshwj xeeb.
Feem ntau engineering yog hais txog kev ua lag luam - tawm thiab kev sib tham. Tooj liab alloys tsis txawv. Nws tsis tshua muaj qhov "zoo tshaj plaws" - Tsuas yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws rau koj cov kev xav tau thiab kev txwv.
Uas tau xaus ntev dua li kuv tau npaj. Dua.
Lub luv version: Tooj liab alloys yog tooj liab ntxiv lwm cov khoom los ua kom nws muaj zog / nyuaj / pheej yig dua rau kev siv tshwj xeeb. Ntau pua ntawm alloys muaj tab sis feem ntau cov ntawv thov siv ob peb lub kaum ob tus muaj ntau. Trade - tawm ntawm kev coj ua thiab cov khoom siv mechanies. Ua haujlwm zoo rau hluav taws xob, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, kav dej, cov ntawv thov neeg kho tshuab. Kim tab sis rov ua dua tshiab. Tsis ploj mus txhua lub sijhawm ntev txawm hais tias lwm yam kev xaiv.
Sau thaum haus kas fes los ntawm tooj liab moscow mug. Uas yog tej zaum brass nrog tooj liab plating. Los yog tej zaum tsuas yog tooj liab -} plated steel. Kuv yuav tsum tau kuaj tiag.
Auj, thiab yog tias koj tau machining cov tawv tooj liab alloys Kuv tau hais tawm - Tus tooj liab lossis txhuas bronze {{1} {1} mus kuajTogter EdmCov. Kev ntxuav tawm ntau dua li cov tshuab ua ke thaum koj nrog cov khoom nyuaj. Tsis muaj plua plav, tsis muaj hnav - tawm carbide ntxig. Tsuas yog hais.